What does "VFR on top" mean?

"VFR on top" refers specifically to a situation where a pilot is flying under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) but is above a layer of clouds or other obstructions that may exist below. In this scenario, the pilot has received clearance to operate in visual conditions above the clouds while the underlying weather may not meet Visual Flight Rules (VFR) criteria. It allows the pilot to maintain visual reference to the ground and horizon, which is essential for navigation and maintaining awareness while also adhering to IFR regulations.

This term is significant because it highlights the distinction between being in visual conditions and operating under instrument rules, which is essential for understanding how to manage flight in various weather conditions. Pilots must be aware that even though they are flying in VFR conditions above the clouds, they still need to comply with IFR requirements, including navigation and communication protocols.